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U.S.-China Quantum Competition FAQ
The U.S. leads in quantum computing but risks falling behind China in quantum networking due to higher Chinese government funding and long-term planning. The upcoming reauthorization of the National Quantum Initiative Act is critical for maintaining U.S. competitiveness.
The report finds that while the U.S. leads in quantum computing, China has committed over double the government funding ($15 billion vs. $6 billion) to quantum information science, engineering, and technology over the past seven years and has a strategic advantage in quantum networking.
China has made quantum networking a long-term strategic priority, mobilizing government resources, setting national standards, and executing sustained long-term plans. In contrast, the U.S. approach is decentralized and market-driven, with inconsistent annual funding.
The U.S. benefits from strong support from private companies, universities, and capital markets. For example, IBM's Qiskit had over 450,000 downloads compared to 4,000 for China's comparable SDK, and U.S. entities have deployed 39–73 quantum computers versus 15–18 in China.
The National Quantum Initiative Act is the federal government's primary framework for coordinating quantum activities. It is scheduled to end in 2029, with several provisions expired in 2023, and Congress is considering reauthorization to modernize programs, coordinate agencies, support workforce development, and expand cooperation with allies.
The reauthorization aims to modernize federal quantum research programs, coordinate across key federal agencies (including adding NASA as a formal partner), support workforce development, and expand cooperation with allies.
The gap refers to the challenge of transitioning from laboratory results to deployed, operational systems. The U.S. has made a $2 billion investment targeting this area, but China's long-term plans and funding pose a competitive threat.
Visit scsp.ai for more research and scorecared.scsp.ai for the detailed comparison between the U.S. and China in quantum technologies.