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FAQ: Antimicrobial Peptides in Oral Medicine - Mechanisms, Applications, and Clinical Translation
TL;DR
Antimicrobial peptides offer a clinical edge by targeting oral diseases with low resistance risk and multifunctional benefits over traditional antibiotics.
AMPs work by physically disrupting microbial cell membranes, with applications in coatings, dressings, and combination therapies to treat various oral conditions.
These peptides could improve global oral health for billions by providing safer, more effective treatments that promote healing and reduce antibiotic resistance.
Natural peptides from our immune system can fight oral cancer, remineralize teeth, and even serve as diagnostic markers in innovative dental therapies.
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AMPs are small-molecule polypeptides that are key components of the innate immune system, exhibiting broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity with low propensity to induce bacterial resistance. They are important because traditional antibiotic treatments for oral diseases are becoming less effective due to widespread bacterial resistance, creating a need for safe and effective alternative therapies.
Unlike traditional antibiotics that target specific metabolic pathways, AMPs primarily act by physically destroying microbial cell membranes—a unique mechanism that minimizes the risk of inducing resistance. Additionally, AMPs possess multiple biological functions such as regulating immune responses, reducing inflammation, and promoting tissue repair.
AMPs can treat dental caries (using Temporin-GHa derivatives, ZXR-2, GH12), periodontitis (using human-derived α-defensins, β-defensins, synthetic Nal-P-113), oral cancer (using Piscidin-1, LL-37), oral candidiasis (using P-113, Nisin A), and oral mucositis (using IB-367, Histatin-5).
Clinical translation faces challenges including stability issues (affected by oral enzymes, pH fluctuations, and high salt concentrations), cytotoxicity concerns, immunogenicity, and production costs, though the content mentions corresponding solutions are being analyzed.
Several AMPs have entered clinical trials, including C16G2 for dental caries, Nal-P-113 for periodontitis, and P-113 for oral candidiasis, demonstrating their clinical potential.
Beyond direct therapy, AMPs are being developed into implant coatings to prevent peri-implant infections, oral dressings for sustained release, and combined with antibiotics or nanoparticles to enhance therapeutic effects. They also show promise as diagnostic markers for oral diseases by detecting changes in their expression levels.
Oral diseases, including dental caries, periodontitis, and oral cancer, affect approximately 3.5 billion people worldwide, highlighting the significant need for improved treatments.
This research was published in Translational Dental Research (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tdr.2025.100046) by a team of researchers from China, with senior and co-corresponding author Qiang Feng sharing key findings.
Curated from 24-7 Press Release
