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FAQ: LiF-Armored Lithium Anode for Ultra-Stable, Fire-Safe Batteries
TL;DR
Researchers developed a lithium battery design that maintains high energy density while being fire-safe, offering a competitive edge for electric vehicles and energy storage systems.
The design uses a dual-confinement gel polymer electrolyte with 70 wt.% TPP and a pre-formed LiF-rich SEI layer to prevent corrosion and enable stable cycling.
This advancement creates safer, longer-lasting batteries that could reduce fire risks in devices and vehicles, making energy storage more reliable for communities worldwide.
Scientists stabilized lithium metal batteries by combining a flame-retardant electrolyte with an artificial protective layer, achieving 6000 cycles at high charging rates.
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The research focuses on developing a strategy to create ultra-stable and fire-safe lithium metal batteries by using a LiF-rich artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) to protect the lithium anode from corrosion caused by flame-retardant additives.
This research addresses the critical challenge of balancing safety and performance in lithium metal batteries, which have high energy density but suffer from dendrite growth, unstable chemistry, and flammability issues when flame-retardant additives are used.
The system combines a dual-confinement electrolyte design with a pre-engineered LiF shield on the lithium metal anode. The LiF-rich SEI blocks penetration of corrosive TPP-derived species, reduces anode corrosion depth, enhances lithium-ion mobility, and promotes dendrite-free plating.
The research specifically addresses triphenyl phosphate (TPP), an organic phosphate flame retardant that enhances fire resistance but tends to penetrate the SEI and trigger decomposition reactions that severely corrode lithium metal.
Researchers developed a gel polymer electrolyte containing 70 wt.% TPP using coaxial electrospinning, creating a TPP/PVDF-HFP composite core encased within a PAN/PVDF-HFP shell that forms a dual-confinement design to limit molecular leakage and provide physical containment.
Li||Li cells operated stably for 2400 hours at 0.5 mA cm⁻² and 1500 hours at 5 mA cm⁻². LFP||Li cells retained 98.9% capacity after 1500 cycles at 1 C and preserved 81.7% capacity after 6000 cycles at 10 C.
Researchers from Hebei University of Science and Technology, City University of Hong Kong, and Hainan University conducted the study, which was published on September 23, 2025, in Carbon Energy (DOI: 10.1002/cey2.70077).
Multi-modal analyses including UV–vis spectroscopy, TOF-SIMS, XPS, and AFM showed that the engineered SEI blocks TPP-derived species penetration and substantially reduces anode corrosion depth.
This research points to a practical route for creating long-lasting, inherently fire-safe lithium metal batteries that maintain stable cycling across both mild and demanding conditions, addressing the trade-off between safety and performance.
Curated from 24-7 Press Release
